Notes

To analyse how online music changed 'old' model

To apply terms to case studies [sony/SYCO/indie labels]

it define and categorise the above terms 

Synergy

Vertical integration

Horizontal integration

Conglomerate

The majors (the big 3) 

Indies

Oligolopy

Production

Distribution

Exchange

How has online music changed this [PDE] for institutions?

Prosumer

Fans giving feedback /involved in the process??

New players in the game?

Major labels have more money and more of the huge artists- put contracts in where they tie their artists down.

Sony is a major label

Artists would rather be signed to indie labels so they have freedom to be a creative artist

People that make their own music and do not sign to a record label

The audience is a vital part of who is signed due to views on the internet

The money brought into the record labels help with the new artists 

Formulaic music is made cause they know it is going to sell- can't take a risk - they cannot afford to take a risk

Due to young people pirating music the money is not going into the record label meaning they cannot afford to be creative

Sony owns SYCO >> tv shows >> record label >> one direction << synergy

Making music visual >> eg. Beyoncé music video 

EMI was bought out due to the fact they tried to prosecute piracy pirates

Sony makes films and put their own music into the soundtrack

Adele is signed to a British independent label and was the biggest selling artist of 2012 which means they are using the internet it their advantage and are the better option

Audience are paying for the life experience 

Monopoly- when one thing owns everything

Music does not exist for the people it is there to make money out of the people 

Oligopoly- everything owned by a few 

Need to have a case study for an independent label for exam - preferably UK

Dance records- ministry of sound>> vertically integrated 

Produce own music>> own a nightclub 

Horizontally integrated means that you own more than one thing in either production, distribution or exhibition >> games, films, music, etc.

Ed sheeran's record label made it's own music video which means it is horizontally integrated

Being both vertically and horizontally integrated means the record label can produce for cheaper as you own everything 

Piracy costs record labels millions per year

Controversial language in films cost thousands 

Being vertically integrated means you have more control over your artist 

Synergy means the record label owns a tv show and advertise their music through the show

Major labels are multinational, they are vertically and horizontally integrated and have the most power.

Independent labels are becoming more vertically and horizontally integrated due to the internet allowing them to promote their music globally meaning a wider audience. And artists prefer to sign up to these labels as they are allowed creative freedom.

Next lesson

Lesson 4.4.3 PDE and monopoly 

MP3 songs download x5 

Prosumer- made by general people