Music industry

Red- Parts that are incorrect

Pink- Parts I have added

Global instritions dominate media product. These instritions sell their products to national audiences.

Institions sell their artists to global audiences, to gain more success for the artist and profit themselves. They can do this by being horizontal and vertically intergrated.

Instritions are allowing artists to have global success by using visuilsation, for example music videos, websites and merchandise to put them on the market. By instritions doing this it gives the audience that the artist has gained/ collected more power and control. Record labels want to make their artists global as it gains them profit.

One Direction have big global success. As their record label, SYCO is part of the big three majors, its allowed them to have success with national audiences. As One Direction started out on the X Factor they would have already had success before they had released any music. This is because the UK audience already know who they are from watching the TV show for multiple weeks. Also audiences outisde the UK would be able to see One Direction through the X Factor website. This would have given audiences an idea of who they are, meaning their record label, SYCO would'nt lose any profit.
By One Direction using their image and music videos to gain their audiences. By SYCO using visualisation it made One Direction the biggest selling artist of 2013.


Indie artists don't have much global success, this is probably because they don't get much promotion (on TV/radio) than an artist who is signed to a major record label would.
Artic Monkeys are signed to a indie label based in London called Domino. Artic Monkeys are only played on two radio stations in the UK, and from doing research don't have hardly any audiences around the globe.
Artic Monkeys are signed to a indie label based in London called Domino, which started in 1993.The Artic Monkeys are a band who have a wide age range of audience. Artists who are signed to indie labels, could find it hard to gain propularity and global success due to the lack of promotion and marketing. The Artic Monkeys are a pretty big success for an indie band. They have a high amount of success with their last album selling 650,000 copies in the UK, two number ones (with 'When the sun goes down' and 'I bet you look good on the dance floor.' The Artic Monkeys also played at the opening of the London Olympics in 2012. Another popular inide artist is Adele, who was the biggest selling artist of 2012. This shows thats it's not always artists who are signed by a major who have global success.

Prosumers do have global success eventhough they don't have a major instition behind them.
I think that peosumers gain global success because they don't care about if they are making any money, they only care for their love of music.
Prosumers use the internet to get success. For example The Vamps started out on YouTube creating covers, by them showing their love for music they gained an audience. With in less than a year they are travelling all around the world, gaining global success.

Beck creates music to give to other artists. Beck would need to know feedback from national audiences, so that he could help give artists global success.
Because he does'nt have a record label to help him, it'd be hard for him to gain global success.

I think for an artist to have global success they need to be signed by a major institution. One Direction have major global success, and were also the biggest selling artists of last year and have just started a world tour, which is gaining their record label and themselves profit.
I think its hard for others to get global success as they don't have horizontal and vertical intergration that they need.

Music Piracy

How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media?

• Advertising in adverts (Magazines, Flyers, Posters)
• Advertising on television adverts
• Advertising on social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube)

Music industry revenue streams 

• Radio advertising revenue 
• Live music sector
• Music retail sector
• Licensing of music to third parties

95% of music downloads are unauthorised.

71% of users increasing their illicit downloads cite high prices as the reasons.

84% of illicit downloaders think artists deserve to be paid.

SOLUTION: Lower song price & raise artist compensation transparency

What is the effect of piracy?

• The music industry is still losing out to internet pirates on a huge scale, with an estimated 95% of music available online being downloaded illegally.
• The industry is "transforming its business models, turning to marketing ideas such as Radiohead's "pay what you like" album in Rainbows and Coldplay's move to give away tracks to promote their album.
• In the UK market alone, the record industry lost £180m last year, and will lose more than £1bn by the end of 2013.

"It's a trend...about a new democracy of ideas and information, about the releasing of individual creativity"

Alan Rusbridger, Editor-in-chief of The Guardian 

Beyonce - Illegal Album Downloads Cost Beyonce $3.8 Million In Sales Revenue 

On the 13th of December Beyonce decided to surprise her fans buy selling a secret project on iTunes, that had no prior announcement or marketing by her record company.

By Beyonce's fans deciding not to legally buy her 14 new songs and 17 music videos for $15.99 (£10.70) it meant Beyonce lost out on money she would have made. 

Independent swim upstream

As streaming services increase their share of the overall market, their royalty payments have come under scrutiny from artists and record labels.

Spotify said it paid out about $500 million in royalties in 2013, according to numbers it released in December. The company likes to focus on that big number instead of how it breaks down: 6 to 84 cents every time a song is played. It doesn't pay a set amount per stream, but uses a more complicated formula based on what percentage of spotify's total monthly streams an artist represents.

The company cites an example of a "global hit album" earning $425,000 in a month, but that's for a top seller. A mid-level artist could do tens of thousands of streams in a month and maybe see a few hundred bucks for it. Mulligan's report notes that some independent artists do crack that 1%, but it's not easy.

No danger for major labels 

The numbers tell different stories here: the rise of streaming and increase in total artist income sound like music to musicians' ears. But if they're not in the 1%, they may be singing the blues the next time they open their royalty checks.

On the other hand, the major labels, Universal Music Group, Sony and Warner Music Group, don't appear to be in danger of losing their market share as downloads decrease and more users turn to streaming.

Writing Task

Clip

Discuss the ways in which the extract contrasts the representation of age using the following

Mock

To what extent does digital distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied.

By the use of digital distribution it allows easier access to music for the audience to have access to the artist through social medias, such as YouTube and the artists website.

With the audience having access to the artist through social media, I belive this is how artist have gained global success. For example One Direction were the biggest selling artists of last year, with most of their success being out of the UK. Digital media would of been the way that the audience outside of the UK would of accessed the band, because of this One Direction would of needed to have good visuals. So good music videos, so there the wider audiences would get an understanding of who they are. Also the band would need to have a good website. By them having a website this would allow fans to buy One Directions music and merchandise. Digital distribution is also positive thing for One Directions record label, SYCO, by the band being online it gives them profit, because fans like to invest in the 'One Direction brand'.

Digital distribution also helps indie artists. Adele is signed to an indie record label, to show her talent she used digital distribution, by doing this it made her the biggest selling artist of 2012. Digital distribution is a great way for indie artists to get themselves seen. As they dont get promotion from TV companies or radio, it allows them to promote to their fans through their website, as it allows their fans to have access to their music.

Another example of somebody who has used digital distribution is Justin Bieber. He started his career by showing his talent on YouTube, this showed him using digital media. He was later signed by a major. By Justin showing his music through YouTube it gave his audience access to him before he was signed.

Madeon is a really big example of somebody who has used digital distribution to give his fans access to his music and videos. Madeon has huge success on YouTube, espically with his mashup pop culture. Madeon used digital media not only to give his fans access to him, but also to get feedback. Because Madeon creates mash ups he needs to get feedback so he can create mash ups that not only his fans enjoy, but also others that could add to his audience.

Beck is somebody who would also use digital distribution. As he does'nt use the music he creates, he needs to know marketing so he knows what sells well.

I think that digital distribution is a positive thing. I think this because it allows the artist to know what sort of target they are marketing to.
Also it allows the audience to have access to the artist through websites and YouTube, I this is positive as it gives the artist feedback. Digital distribution also gains the record label profit.

Class notes ( music industry )

Successful media products depends on marketing. Music.

Beck on how it's a small audience.

To make a popular artist it need to be for a niche market.

Marketing is visual, needs to have style.

Also needs to be good music, has to have a balance.

Adele for an independent artist.

Exchange feedback for customers. 

One direction case study, major labels have to use it. One direction more about image than music.

An artist needs to have a good visualisation and well promoted to be advertise in the niche and global market. But it also depends on the music, as an audience want good quality music, so there needs to be balance. One direction case study, the major uses the 

Effects the majors, as they have to do what the audience wants so they aren't effected like emi.

The record label needs to build a realationship. 

Global industries dominant the media production.

Multinational, the big three.

Audience agree with the artists

Sony agree- vertical and horizontal intergration.

Audience dominant the music industry, decided on what they like. Indies have become more popular as they are building a relationship with the artist. Meaning the majors have to listen to the audience. 

Success media product depends on the artist.

How you sell and look is more important to the audience.

Doesn't matter on the sound, more on the visualisation.

X factor, a format that is produced to see what the audience likes (genre, clothing)

Audience have power. 

You need to have an image 

Always been about image 

Digital media changes PDE for both major and independent.

The internet allows the artist to be global and have success. YouTube, soundcloud allows un known artists to get there music into the industry.

But it can ruin artists and record labels. By the use of illegal download, no profit is made, which means sells would go down. Not selling because no one is buying. 

No one is buying music apart from the hardcore fanbase and niche audiences. Majors are normally global, but indies are becoming global through the use of internet. (Adele, signed to indie, excel, biggest artist of 2012) 

Notes

To what extent do u agree?

People not paying for music - Music has no risks- devalues music as it is all image

EMI shut down because it did not connect with audience 

Sony's audience is involved through X factor 

Democratic

Illusion of choice- X factor - 

Indies have a community due to niche size 

Have to have an image- always had to have an image 

Beck doesn't have an image- prosumers are constructing an image for his songs not him

Beck targets globally as he brings in all genres over the world to interpret his music.

Independent labels is global as there are artists that belong to those labels that are known worldwide 

To what extent does digital media distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

digital music distribution has had both a positive and negative affect on the marketing and consumption of music in the music industry.

Notes

Digital music technology

GarageBand - Production - prosumers - recycle 

Youtube - Exchange - audience gives feedback

Spotify - free - exchange 

Last fm - 

Soundcloud - prosumers create music and put it on there - free advertising - Distribution 

iTunes - have to buy music - distribution 

Institution - record labels

Sony - major - multinational 

Ministry of sound - independent - niche audience 

Prosumers - audience - more involved 

Beck - DIY - writes music and let's audience interpret it and make the song - has a relationship with the audience 

Marketing 

Distibution 

Ownership 

Production

Exchange

Essay requires you to study PDE and compare it across the four case studies 

Global institutions dominate media production. These institutions sell their products and services to national audiences. To what extent do you agree.

- multinational

- vertically and horizontally integrated

- Sony film, Sony record label

- one direction case study

- the big 3 - Sony, universal, warner

- ownership- the idea of owning all companies to become vertically and horizontally integrated

- synergy - promotes music across media e.g. Film, tv etc. 

- distribution

- conglomerate

NEED TO KNOW TERMINOLOGY

Prosumers mash up music - advertises

Visualisation- style over substance - image over music

Participatory audience/ relationship - audience give feedback through youtube, spotify, soundcloud, tv shows like X factor 

Purity/ devaluing music - blander and staler or diverse and exciting

Decoding questions

Digital media technology continues to develop. How is this significant for media institutions and audiences?

- consumption

- subsidiary & multinational conglomerate, the big 3

- distribution & marketing

- exchange

- prosumers/ audiences 

"Global institutions dominate media production. These institutions sell their products and services to national audiences" to what extent do you agree with this statement?

- subsidiary & multinational conglomerate, the big 3

- distribution & exchange 

- cross promotion/ synergy

- prosumers

- vertical and horizontal integration

"Successful media products depend as much upon marketing and distribution to a specific audience as they do upon good production practises" to what extent would you agree with this statement?

- distribution & marketing 

- audiences/ prosumers 

- production

- convergence 

- creating a relationship with the audience

- consumption

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production and exchange of texts.

- Production 

- exchange 

- multinational conglomerate, the big 3

Task

Production- on X factor the reality show acted as a business plan for example the funding of one direction came through the income the X factor recieved. The more votes the act got the longer they stayed on the show allowing them to produce the formation of one direction as the weeks went on.

Distribution and marketing- one direction created audience awareness during the Xfactor which created an audience for their duration and after the show 

Exchange- it is given in audience feedback when the unpopular artists are voted off the show which shows to sony and SYCO what is popular amongst the audience and which artists are going to sell popularly and globally on a large scale.

Convergence

Ownership/ back catalogue- one direction used songs from the back catalogue of capital and warner bros back catalogues however Xfactor usually uses songs from Sony's back catalogue. The reason they did this was so they knew what songs are popular and what songs are worth rereleasing.

Visualisation- audiences want something to watch nowadays meaning music videos are a big factor of selling the artist e.g. One direction have videos showing the band off for the teenage girl audience that are the fan base for their band.

Participatory culture- one direction were on the show Xfactor which let the audiences vote for their favourite artists- meaning that the fanbase for one direction voted to keep them on the show and the leg of votes they received throughout the show determined their success within the show and the future.

Creating a relationship with the audience- on the X factor one direction recorded video diaries every week that kept the fans up to date with their progress, feelings and experiences which they continued through their tours so they could continually interact with their fans- the fans are able to put comments and questions under their videos for the boys to reply to in their next entry.

Synergy- SYCO is a joint venture between Simon Cowell and Sony who focus on the production of music, tv and film- e.g. A good example of synergy would be one direction; their music is marketed through X factor and they have released their own film which is all done through SYCO- there is no cost when producing different types of media as they are all linked together.

Devaluing music- It is the idea that certain musicians and music created can create a negative image on music as a whole. This can devalue music and make it less appealing to other people as it shows music to be devalued. This can be done by using auto tune and creating music that has no true meaning. One direction can have this negative effect on some people who they don't appeal to. This is because one direction is aimed at young teenage girls to provide a large profit. Whereas many people see one direction as people in it for the money

Soundscape- It is a sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment

Push vs pull- Simon Cowell owns X factor so uses Sony's back catalogue to recycle songs through the performers; due to the fact that Sony own the rights to the songs means they so not to pay and buy the rights to the song. When the older generation hear the songs being played on Xfactor it gives them a nostalgic feeling reminding them of youth and that means they will go and buy the original version of the song which brings the popularity of the song back around.

Record cos vs audience - they make the show interactive so the audience can call in each week to keep their favourite act on the show, generating more money for the record company, Sony meaning they can keep on going with keeping the music alive for the audience 

Vertical integration

Horizontal integration

Global vs niche audience- global better known as the mainstream audience includes music from artists such as Rihanna, example, one direction which is because they have the record label behind them that allow them to appeal to a mass audience- Sony relate the mainstream music to their show X factor where they are able to be told by the audience what they consider as normal and what image and music they want. Niche audiences are small audiences that prefer the culture of the music or the story it tells which include artists such as London grammar, linkin park and train.

Blurring of PDE- the fact that one direction was on a tv show that was advertised for the whole of the nation to receive, the audience were presented with the production of the band, which therefore created the audience awareness of the band and an exhibition for the viewers at home, which means not only involving the act of production throughout the formation process but also parts of distribution and exchange which means PDE was blurred.

Notes

Beck

He is an American musician, singer/ songwriter, multi intstrumentalist, covers many different genres of music, is not mainstream, promotes to niche audience (specialised and passionate and dedicated audience), D.I.Y - not using a label, he is an artist- so fans are musicians : synergy. Fans are promoting his music by making own interpretations by producing it >> distribute it on youtube which advertises it >> he gets the royalties from the videos. In concert he looks at all the different interpretations and sees which has most views and he then performs that one>> it is feedback. He creates a relationship with his audience. Beck is completely changing PDE by involving the audience with the music. 

Song reader

Book of sheet music that contains 20 songs worth of sheet music that people are able to use to make their own interpretations and send to the American musician

SYCO

One direction is more about the image/ presentation than the music. They make what sells. Simon Cowell owns it. X factor >> record label, tv, film- one direction movie first one produced. Promote music from Sony as they are a subsidiary of Sony and therefore share the rights to the music. They are involved in many aspects they are integrated. X factor uses the audience as an exploitation to get feedback on the artist/ band (exchange). Film promoting music or visa versa is synergy. 

Prosumer 

The audience is becoming the producers 

Madeon is a French house/ electro house/ disco pop producer from France. He gained popularity by the video 'pop culture' that was published on youtube and got millions of hits on the first few days. 

Recycling and remixing (MASH UP) - which they get from pre-existing music owned by record labels- copyright infringement >> benefits the record label as it advertises the music. 

Prosumers blur the boundaries between the producers, distributors and exhibitions 

Software such as Logic Pro, GarageBand, youtube, soundcloud, 

Have to be very talented to do well in this 

Adele and payed someone else to do their social networking advertising for them

Visualisation is more important than the music in getting popular amongst audiences

Independent labels 

Domino records

Ministry of sound 

Specialise in genre

Creative of artist and musical freedom 

Audience feedback

Get their music out there- distribution is far easier 

Use social networking to interact with audiences 

Independent labels are becoming more popular and successful than the major labels

Adele was a massive hit and was promoted in the James Bond film Skyfall meaning it is integrated 

Essay is asking to back up the point that how you sell and promote an artist to an audience that doesn't want to pay for it anymore

One direction is the biggest selling artist of last year

Majors dominate- 73% 

Indie, prosumers and beck - 27% 

music is the advert for the tours where they earn their money.

Song reader (beck), soundcloud, spotify are mashing up PDE 

Homework

To what extent does digital media distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

Case Study - Easter hw

Easter Homework

Domino

Domino are an independent record company that are based in London.

Some of the artist that domino promote are Alex Turner, Hot Chip, Arctic Monkeys.

From looking at the list of artists that domino produce are quite un known, but there are some successful artist including the arctic monkeys that domino have produced.

Exchange

Domino market their artists through YouTube, and social networking sites. By the artist putting their music onto YouTube it will allow them to be seen by a wide audience. 

Distribution 

If the artist becomes popular through putting their music on social networking sites, and YouTube. By the artist becoming popular it will give them the access to have their own CD's and putting their songs onto iTunes.

Marketing 

The artists aren't marketed in a formulated way. The artists are individual and appeal to a mature audience. The music in which the artists produce is very indie.

The only major artist that domino has really produced is the Arctic Monkey, through looking at the Radio 1 playlist, the last time the Artic Monkeys had air time was over a month ago. The other artists that domino produced were not mentioned on the playlist.

The radio stations in which artists from the domino record company are played include, radio one, radio six, and absolute radio.

The only major artist that Domino has produced is really the Arctic Monkeys, not many TV stations support the group by playing their music videos. MTV support Domino's artists.

YouTube will live stream the artists music, also the domino websites live streams their artists concerts and music.

Arctic Monkeys

The Arctic Monkeys have 724,231 subscribers on YouTube, with their video 'Do I wanna know' being their highest viewed video, with the video having 53,892,598 views. 

Itunes gives similar artists for fans of the Arctic Monkeys to listen to.

These artists include:

• The killers
• The Strokes 
• Kaiser Chiefs 
• The Kooks 
• Razor light
• Kings of Leon

Arctic Monkeys are Dominos leading artist. As the Arctic Monkeys are rather popular and famous, meaning they appear at festivals in the UK over the summer.

Some of these festivals include:

• Reading 
• Leeds
• Glastonbury

Domino 

Domino is an independent record label that is based in the UK that was founded in 1993. As Domino and indie record labels became more popular the record label then branched out to the US, Germany and France. Domino have a large amount of staff members, with the record label having over 50 artists and having near to a 100 former artists.

Production

The record company does produce CD's, some of the artists do also have vinyls, but these are made as limited edition merchandise.

Domino do own a recording studio.

The label does produce merchandise, for example tour programmes, t-shirts. These products can be bought either through the artists website and/or at concerts.

Marketing

The label uses social networking sites to promote their artists.

The record label have a YouTube channel were their artists new music videos, upcoming news and interviews are shown to fans.

For bigger artists like the Arctic monkeys, there is some TV coverage. Even though the band do have some TV coverage, it isn't to the same amount as somebody who is signed to a major would get.

 

Distribution and Exchange 

HMV, and other retailers stock CD's of the artists that Domino own.

Some of the artists music is also on iTunes.

Notes

Distribution: people responsible for advertising and marketing to make the people aware of the music

A&R: the people in a record label who are paid to find new artists

Royalties: everytime someone's music is played on the radio or on tv or used in a film or generally to the public's ear, the artists get commission (royalties)

major record label: a huge company that own artists and can be vertically or horizontally integrated, can own tv shows and nightclubs and films to advertise their music : SONY

subsidiary label: sometimes start of as an independent record label and when they get good a major record label could become interested and buy the company- meaning that they are still their own record label but have the backing of the major record label- such as SYCO which is owned by SONY

independent label: operate independently without funding from outside businesses, give their artists creative freedom- such as Ministry of Sound

peer to peer: sharing of music between people of similar ages and similar interests.

sampling: when someone uses an extract of someone else's music and embeds it into their own legally.

copyright: someone stealing something without the owner's permission and naming it as their own.

Homework

Task 1

He is making music by using an app, which creates different sounds when selected buttons are clicked on.

Madeon 

Madeon is a French house/electro house/nu-disco/pop producer from France.

When he created the track pop culture he was 16. 

He is making the music by using an app called launchpad and idaft, it allows somebody to make music by selecting different buttons which make different sounds. 

He gets his music out by using launchpad and radio stations.

Madeon has a fairly big audience due to his songs being on YouTube.

His audience is from twitter, lauchpad, his website and YouTube.

A prosumer is somebody who creates music but also consumes music.

Music Piracy

How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media?
List three methods.
-music videos
-tours
-posters

To understand the effects of music piracy for institutions and audiences

music industry revenue streams
-radio advertising revenue
-live music sector
-music retail sector (amazon, hmv, itunes)
-licensing of music to third parties (spotify)

To understand the effect of music piracy on institutions and audiences

95% of music downloads are unauthorised
71% of users increasing their illicit downloads cite high prices as the reason
84% of illicit downloads think artists deserve to be paid
Solution: lower song price and raise artist compensation transparency

What is the effect of piracy?

-the music industry is still losing out to internet pirates on a huge scale, with an estimated 95% of music available online being downloaded illegally
-the industry is 'transforming' its business models, turning to marketing ideas such as Radiohead's 'pay what you like' album in Rainbows and Coldplay's move to give away tracks to promote their album.
-in the UK market alone, the record industry lost £180m last year and will lose more than £1bn by the end of 2013.

"It's a trend... about a new democracy of ideas and information, about changing notions of authority, about the releasing of individual creativity"
Alan Rusbridger, Editor-in-cheif of The Guardian

Article:
Independent Swin Upstream
As streaming services increase their share of the overall market, their royalty payments have come under scrutiny from artists and record labels.
Spotify said it paid out about $500 million in royalties in 2013, according to numbers it released in December. The company likes to focus on that big number instead of ow it breaks down: .6 to .84 cents every time a song is played. It doesn't pay a set amount per stream, but uses a more complicated formula based on what percentage of spotify's total monthly streams an artist represents.
the comany cites an example of a 'global hit album' earning $245,000 in a month, but that's for a top seller. A mid-level artist could do tens of thousands of streams in a month and maybe see a few hundred bucks for it. Mulligan's report notes that some independent artists do crack that 1% but it's not easy.
No danger for major labels
The numbers tell different stories here: the rise of streaming and increase in total artist sound like music to musicians' ears. but they're not in the 1% tey may be singing the blues the next time they open their royalty checks.
on the other hand, the major labels, universal music group, sony and warner music group, don't appear to be in danger of losing their market share as downloads decrease and more users to streaming.

Writing Task

How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media?
include:
-traditional sales
-digital
-combatting piracy
-streaming
-paragraph on domino

Example:
In contemporary media practise institutions such as SONY are forced to think of new ways to sell their products in order to avoid online piracy. In December 2011 SONY, via their offprint label columbia, released Beyonce's self-titled album online with no previous marketing. This meant that material was not leaked online and exposed to illegal downloads. It also meant that material media interest was generated due to the unusual release pattern which in turn generated extra sales. However, reports have shown that Beyonce's album was still illegally downloaded 240,000 times costing SONY £2.5million. This would suggest that even the largest conglomerates are unable to avoid piracy despite adapting the methods in which they sell their products.
Explanation/ analysis/ argument (20 marks)
Use of examples (20 marks)
Use of terminology (10 marks)

Questions for video

Favourite artist?

How do u find out about new music?

What type of consumer are you?

Where is ur music collection?

Do u feel connection with the artists?

What are ur guilty pleasures? 

Reason for consumption habits?

Trend of music?

What is ur favourite artist?

Websites, apps etc?

Notes

What is a record label?
-A record label owns many artists through contracts and is responsible for the production, distribution and exhibition, however depending upon whether the label is horizontally or vertically integrated depends upon whether they get the whole process cheaper or not due to how much they own.

cross-media convergence: when two or more medias come together.

What is Digi-modernism?
-Digi-modernism is the revised name for what used to be called pseudo-modernism. It is the cultural effects of new technologies. it is the impact of computerisation on texts and the arts. its a whole new cultural paradigm, the successor to post modernism which bit the dust around the turn of the Millennium.

-Alan Kirby's blog portrays his thoughts and opinions on the subject of Digi-modernism from here to publication day and beyond.
http://www.alanfkirby.com/blog.html

Notes

To analyse how online music changed 'old' model

To apply terms to case studies [sony/SYCO/indie labels]

it define and categorise the above terms 

Synergy

Vertical integration

Horizontal integration

Conglomerate

The majors (the big 3) 

Indies

Oligolopy

Production

Distribution

Exchange

How has online music changed this [PDE] for institutions?

Prosumer

Fans giving feedback /involved in the process??

New players in the game?

Major labels have more money and more of the huge artists- put contracts in where they tie their artists down.

Sony is a major label

Artists would rather be signed to indie labels so they have freedom to be a creative artist

People that make their own music and do not sign to a record label

The audience is a vital part of who is signed due to views on the internet

The money brought into the record labels help with the new artists 

Formulaic music is made cause they know it is going to sell- can't take a risk - they cannot afford to take a risk

Due to young people pirating music the money is not going into the record label meaning they cannot afford to be creative

Sony owns SYCO >> tv shows >> record label >> one direction << synergy

Making music visual >> eg. Beyoncé music video 

EMI was bought out due to the fact they tried to prosecute piracy pirates

Sony makes films and put their own music into the soundtrack

Adele is signed to a British independent label and was the biggest selling artist of 2012 which means they are using the internet it their advantage and are the better option

Audience are paying for the life experience 

Monopoly- when one thing owns everything

Music does not exist for the people it is there to make money out of the people 

Oligopoly- everything owned by a few 

Need to have a case study for an independent label for exam - preferably UK

Dance records- ministry of sound>> vertically integrated 

Produce own music>> own a nightclub 

Horizontally integrated means that you own more than one thing in either production, distribution or exhibition >> games, films, music, etc.

Ed sheeran's record label made it's own music video which means it is horizontally integrated

Being both vertically and horizontally integrated means the record label can produce for cheaper as you own everything 

Piracy costs record labels millions per year

Controversial language in films cost thousands 

Being vertically integrated means you have more control over your artist 

Synergy means the record label owns a tv show and advertise their music through the show

Major labels are multinational, they are vertically and horizontally integrated and have the most power.

Independent labels are becoming more vertically and horizontally integrated due to the internet allowing them to promote their music globally meaning a wider audience. And artists prefer to sign up to these labels as they are allowed creative freedom.

Next lesson

Lesson 4.4.3 PDE and monopoly 

MP3 songs download x5 

Prosumer- made by general people

Crawford Clip

The beginning clip of Cranford shows a young boy, not much older than thirteen clutching something wrapped up as he walks through a woods. 

From looking at the character the first thing I notice is his costume. The young boys costume is quite bland and simple, it's an off toned colour showing that it hasn't been washed. I also noticed that the boy isn't wearing any shoes, this shows he comes from a lower class family who can't afford to buy simple necessities.

Cranford is set in a small village, in a past century. From looking at the characters costumes and appearance you can see they are very dirty. The location also shows that the family are not very well off. The dull lighting within the room makes it seem more dirty, there also isn't any props in the background when the characters are speaking. Because of this it shows the family don't have much money, and it's possible that it's difficult for the parents to provide food and shelter for their children. 

When the underprivileged family are in their home, the soundtrack and foley brings to light they are quite poor. When the young boy walks into his house you can hear the slight sound of a door creaking. This shows that the house is old, even though a slightly creaking door is a minute issue, it still expresses to the audience that the family can't afford to fix things.

The soundtrack throughout the clip is quite slow and peaceful and matches well with the clip. When the soundtrack is playing you can hear a non-diegetic sound of animals, this shows there is a farm near by.

When the young boy is taken by the man who's land he had been trespassing on, his facial expressions show worry. I can see this from the close up shot. 

From this scene I also notice that the young boy would like to better himself, I get this from his dialogue. "I wouldn't mind an office, I like how everything is covered in words." This shows he'd like an education.

The sequence shows a higher class family, who are very privileged. The family all have horses and carts which shows they are very well off.

Independent and major record labels

Domino Recording Company is an independent record label based in London which was founded in 1993 by Laurence Bell and his partner Jacqui Rice.

They established American rock and unusual British music which marginalised during the Britpop era but the steady streaming of new signings gave the label increasing credibility. 

Simply Red made his own independent record label called simplyred.com as he was fed up with the way sony was taking all the money which revolutionised the way music was consumed by the demographic. 

SYCO is a major record label founded by Simon Cowell in 2002 in the UK. It is a subsidiary of SYCO entertainment. This company owns artists such as Little Mix, James Arthur and Susan Boyle and used to own artists such as Garith Gates and George Sampson. 

EMI was a major British multinational music recording and publishing company but was bought over by Sony. They owned artists such as The Beatles, Eliza Doolittle, Gorillaz and 30 seconds to Mars.