Notes

To what extent do u agree?

People not paying for music - Music has no risks- devalues music as it is all image

EMI shut down because it did not connect with audience 

Sony's audience is involved through X factor 

Democratic

Illusion of choice- X factor - 

Indies have a community due to niche size 

Have to have an image- always had to have an image 

Beck doesn't have an image- prosumers are constructing an image for his songs not him

Beck targets globally as he brings in all genres over the world to interpret his music.

Independent labels is global as there are artists that belong to those labels that are known worldwide 

To what extent does digital media distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

digital music distribution has had both a positive and negative affect on the marketing and consumption of music in the music industry.

Notes

Digital music technology

GarageBand - Production - prosumers - recycle 

Youtube - Exchange - audience gives feedback

Spotify - free - exchange 

Last fm - 

Soundcloud - prosumers create music and put it on there - free advertising - Distribution 

iTunes - have to buy music - distribution 

Institution - record labels

Sony - major - multinational 

Ministry of sound - independent - niche audience 

Prosumers - audience - more involved 

Beck - DIY - writes music and let's audience interpret it and make the song - has a relationship with the audience 

Marketing 

Distibution 

Ownership 

Production

Exchange

Essay requires you to study PDE and compare it across the four case studies 

Global institutions dominate media production. These institutions sell their products and services to national audiences. To what extent do you agree.

- multinational

- vertically and horizontally integrated

- Sony film, Sony record label

- one direction case study

- the big 3 - Sony, universal, warner

- ownership- the idea of owning all companies to become vertically and horizontally integrated

- synergy - promotes music across media e.g. Film, tv etc. 

- distribution

- conglomerate

NEED TO KNOW TERMINOLOGY

Prosumers mash up music - advertises

Visualisation- style over substance - image over music

Participatory audience/ relationship - audience give feedback through youtube, spotify, soundcloud, tv shows like X factor 

Purity/ devaluing music - blander and staler or diverse and exciting

Decoding questions

Digital media technology continues to develop. How is this significant for media institutions and audiences?

- consumption

- subsidiary & multinational conglomerate, the big 3

- distribution & marketing

- exchange

- prosumers/ audiences 

"Global institutions dominate media production. These institutions sell their products and services to national audiences" to what extent do you agree with this statement?

- subsidiary & multinational conglomerate, the big 3

- distribution & exchange 

- cross promotion/ synergy

- prosumers

- vertical and horizontal integration

"Successful media products depend as much upon marketing and distribution to a specific audience as they do upon good production practises" to what extent would you agree with this statement?

- distribution & marketing 

- audiences/ prosumers 

- production

- convergence 

- creating a relationship with the audience

- consumption

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production and exchange of texts.

- Production 

- exchange 

- multinational conglomerate, the big 3

Task

Production- on X factor the reality show acted as a business plan for example the funding of one direction came through the income the X factor recieved. The more votes the act got the longer they stayed on the show allowing them to produce the formation of one direction as the weeks went on.

Distribution and marketing- one direction created audience awareness during the Xfactor which created an audience for their duration and after the show 

Exchange- it is given in audience feedback when the unpopular artists are voted off the show which shows to sony and SYCO what is popular amongst the audience and which artists are going to sell popularly and globally on a large scale.

Convergence

Ownership/ back catalogue- one direction used songs from the back catalogue of capital and warner bros back catalogues however Xfactor usually uses songs from Sony's back catalogue. The reason they did this was so they knew what songs are popular and what songs are worth rereleasing.

Visualisation- audiences want something to watch nowadays meaning music videos are a big factor of selling the artist e.g. One direction have videos showing the band off for the teenage girl audience that are the fan base for their band.

Participatory culture- one direction were on the show Xfactor which let the audiences vote for their favourite artists- meaning that the fanbase for one direction voted to keep them on the show and the leg of votes they received throughout the show determined their success within the show and the future.

Creating a relationship with the audience- on the X factor one direction recorded video diaries every week that kept the fans up to date with their progress, feelings and experiences which they continued through their tours so they could continually interact with their fans- the fans are able to put comments and questions under their videos for the boys to reply to in their next entry.

Synergy- SYCO is a joint venture between Simon Cowell and Sony who focus on the production of music, tv and film- e.g. A good example of synergy would be one direction; their music is marketed through X factor and they have released their own film which is all done through SYCO- there is no cost when producing different types of media as they are all linked together.

Devaluing music- It is the idea that certain musicians and music created can create a negative image on music as a whole. This can devalue music and make it less appealing to other people as it shows music to be devalued. This can be done by using auto tune and creating music that has no true meaning. One direction can have this negative effect on some people who they don't appeal to. This is because one direction is aimed at young teenage girls to provide a large profit. Whereas many people see one direction as people in it for the money

Soundscape- It is a sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment

Push vs pull- Simon Cowell owns X factor so uses Sony's back catalogue to recycle songs through the performers; due to the fact that Sony own the rights to the songs means they so not to pay and buy the rights to the song. When the older generation hear the songs being played on Xfactor it gives them a nostalgic feeling reminding them of youth and that means they will go and buy the original version of the song which brings the popularity of the song back around.

Record cos vs audience - they make the show interactive so the audience can call in each week to keep their favourite act on the show, generating more money for the record company, Sony meaning they can keep on going with keeping the music alive for the audience 

Vertical integration

Horizontal integration

Global vs niche audience- global better known as the mainstream audience includes music from artists such as Rihanna, example, one direction which is because they have the record label behind them that allow them to appeal to a mass audience- Sony relate the mainstream music to their show X factor where they are able to be told by the audience what they consider as normal and what image and music they want. Niche audiences are small audiences that prefer the culture of the music or the story it tells which include artists such as London grammar, linkin park and train.

Blurring of PDE- the fact that one direction was on a tv show that was advertised for the whole of the nation to receive, the audience were presented with the production of the band, which therefore created the audience awareness of the band and an exhibition for the viewers at home, which means not only involving the act of production throughout the formation process but also parts of distribution and exchange which means PDE was blurred.

Notes

Beck

He is an American musician, singer/ songwriter, multi intstrumentalist, covers many different genres of music, is not mainstream, promotes to niche audience (specialised and passionate and dedicated audience), D.I.Y - not using a label, he is an artist- so fans are musicians : synergy. Fans are promoting his music by making own interpretations by producing it >> distribute it on youtube which advertises it >> he gets the royalties from the videos. In concert he looks at all the different interpretations and sees which has most views and he then performs that one>> it is feedback. He creates a relationship with his audience. Beck is completely changing PDE by involving the audience with the music. 

Song reader

Book of sheet music that contains 20 songs worth of sheet music that people are able to use to make their own interpretations and send to the American musician

SYCO

One direction is more about the image/ presentation than the music. They make what sells. Simon Cowell owns it. X factor >> record label, tv, film- one direction movie first one produced. Promote music from Sony as they are a subsidiary of Sony and therefore share the rights to the music. They are involved in many aspects they are integrated. X factor uses the audience as an exploitation to get feedback on the artist/ band (exchange). Film promoting music or visa versa is synergy. 

Prosumer 

The audience is becoming the producers 

Madeon is a French house/ electro house/ disco pop producer from France. He gained popularity by the video 'pop culture' that was published on youtube and got millions of hits on the first few days. 

Recycling and remixing (MASH UP) - which they get from pre-existing music owned by record labels- copyright infringement >> benefits the record label as it advertises the music. 

Prosumers blur the boundaries between the producers, distributors and exhibitions 

Software such as Logic Pro, GarageBand, youtube, soundcloud, 

Have to be very talented to do well in this 

Adele and payed someone else to do their social networking advertising for them

Visualisation is more important than the music in getting popular amongst audiences

Independent labels 

Domino records

Ministry of sound 

Specialise in genre

Creative of artist and musical freedom 

Audience feedback

Get their music out there- distribution is far easier 

Use social networking to interact with audiences 

Independent labels are becoming more popular and successful than the major labels

Adele was a massive hit and was promoted in the James Bond film Skyfall meaning it is integrated 

Essay is asking to back up the point that how you sell and promote an artist to an audience that doesn't want to pay for it anymore

One direction is the biggest selling artist of last year

Majors dominate- 73% 

Indie, prosumers and beck - 27% 

music is the advert for the tours where they earn their money.

Song reader (beck), soundcloud, spotify are mashing up PDE 

Homework

To what extent does digital media distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

Case Study - Easter hw

Notes

Distribution: people responsible for advertising and marketing to make the people aware of the music

A&R: the people in a record label who are paid to find new artists

Royalties: everytime someone's music is played on the radio or on tv or used in a film or generally to the public's ear, the artists get commission (royalties)

major record label: a huge company that own artists and can be vertically or horizontally integrated, can own tv shows and nightclubs and films to advertise their music : SONY

subsidiary label: sometimes start of as an independent record label and when they get good a major record label could become interested and buy the company- meaning that they are still their own record label but have the backing of the major record label- such as SYCO which is owned by SONY

independent label: operate independently without funding from outside businesses, give their artists creative freedom- such as Ministry of Sound

peer to peer: sharing of music between people of similar ages and similar interests.

sampling: when someone uses an extract of someone else's music and embeds it into their own legally.

copyright: someone stealing something without the owner's permission and naming it as their own.

Music Piracy

How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media?
List three methods.
-music videos
-tours
-posters

To understand the effects of music piracy for institutions and audiences

music industry revenue streams
-radio advertising revenue
-live music sector
-music retail sector (amazon, hmv, itunes)
-licensing of music to third parties (spotify)

To understand the effect of music piracy on institutions and audiences

95% of music downloads are unauthorised
71% of users increasing their illicit downloads cite high prices as the reason
84% of illicit downloads think artists deserve to be paid
Solution: lower song price and raise artist compensation transparency

What is the effect of piracy?

-the music industry is still losing out to internet pirates on a huge scale, with an estimated 95% of music available online being downloaded illegally
-the industry is 'transforming' its business models, turning to marketing ideas such as Radiohead's 'pay what you like' album in Rainbows and Coldplay's move to give away tracks to promote their album.
-in the UK market alone, the record industry lost £180m last year and will lose more than £1bn by the end of 2013.

"It's a trend... about a new democracy of ideas and information, about changing notions of authority, about the releasing of individual creativity"
Alan Rusbridger, Editor-in-cheif of The Guardian

Article:
Independent Swin Upstream
As streaming services increase their share of the overall market, their royalty payments have come under scrutiny from artists and record labels.
Spotify said it paid out about $500 million in royalties in 2013, according to numbers it released in December. The company likes to focus on that big number instead of ow it breaks down: .6 to .84 cents every time a song is played. It doesn't pay a set amount per stream, but uses a more complicated formula based on what percentage of spotify's total monthly streams an artist represents.
the comany cites an example of a 'global hit album' earning $245,000 in a month, but that's for a top seller. A mid-level artist could do tens of thousands of streams in a month and maybe see a few hundred bucks for it. Mulligan's report notes that some independent artists do crack that 1% but it's not easy.
No danger for major labels
The numbers tell different stories here: the rise of streaming and increase in total artist sound like music to musicians' ears. but they're not in the 1% tey may be singing the blues the next time they open their royalty checks.
on the other hand, the major labels, universal music group, sony and warner music group, don't appear to be in danger of losing their market share as downloads decrease and more users to streaming.

Writing Task

How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media?
include:
-traditional sales
-digital
-combatting piracy
-streaming
-paragraph on domino

Example:
In contemporary media practise institutions such as SONY are forced to think of new ways to sell their products in order to avoid online piracy. In December 2011 SONY, via their offprint label columbia, released Beyonce's self-titled album online with no previous marketing. This meant that material was not leaked online and exposed to illegal downloads. It also meant that material media interest was generated due to the unusual release pattern which in turn generated extra sales. However, reports have shown that Beyonce's album was still illegally downloaded 240,000 times costing SONY £2.5million. This would suggest that even the largest conglomerates are unable to avoid piracy despite adapting the methods in which they sell their products.
Explanation/ analysis/ argument (20 marks)
Use of examples (20 marks)
Use of terminology (10 marks)

Questions for video

Favourite artist?

How do u find out about new music?

What type of consumer are you?

Where is ur music collection?

Do u feel connection with the artists?

What are ur guilty pleasures? 

Reason for consumption habits?

Trend of music?

What is ur favourite artist?

Websites, apps etc?

Notes

What is a record label?
-A record label owns many artists through contracts and is responsible for the production, distribution and exhibition, however depending upon whether the label is horizontally or vertically integrated depends upon whether they get the whole process cheaper or not due to how much they own.

cross-media convergence: when two or more medias come together.

What is Digi-modernism?
-Digi-modernism is the revised name for what used to be called pseudo-modernism. It is the cultural effects of new technologies. it is the impact of computerisation on texts and the arts. its a whole new cultural paradigm, the successor to post modernism which bit the dust around the turn of the Millennium.

-Alan Kirby's blog portrays his thoughts and opinions on the subject of Digi-modernism from here to publication day and beyond.
http://www.alanfkirby.com/blog.html

Notes

To analyse how online music changed 'old' model

To apply terms to case studies [sony/SYCO/indie labels]

it define and categorise the above terms 

Synergy

Vertical integration

Horizontal integration

Conglomerate

The majors (the big 3) 

Indies

Oligolopy

Production

Distribution

Exchange

How has online music changed this [PDE] for institutions?

Prosumer

Fans giving feedback /involved in the process??

New players in the game?

Major labels have more money and more of the huge artists- put contracts in where they tie their artists down.

Sony is a major label

Artists would rather be signed to indie labels so they have freedom to be a creative artist

People that make their own music and do not sign to a record label

The audience is a vital part of who is signed due to views on the internet

The money brought into the record labels help with the new artists 

Formulaic music is made cause they know it is going to sell- can't take a risk - they cannot afford to take a risk

Due to young people pirating music the money is not going into the record label meaning they cannot afford to be creative

Sony owns SYCO >> tv shows >> record label >> one direction << synergy

Making music visual >> eg. Beyoncé music video 

EMI was bought out due to the fact they tried to prosecute piracy pirates

Sony makes films and put their own music into the soundtrack

Adele is signed to a British independent label and was the biggest selling artist of 2012 which means they are using the internet it their advantage and are the better option

Audience are paying for the life experience 

Monopoly- when one thing owns everything

Music does not exist for the people it is there to make money out of the people 

Oligopoly- everything owned by a few 

Need to have a case study for an independent label for exam - preferably UK

Dance records- ministry of sound>> vertically integrated 

Produce own music>> own a nightclub 

Horizontally integrated means that you own more than one thing in either production, distribution or exhibition >> games, films, music, etc.

Ed sheeran's record label made it's own music video which means it is horizontally integrated

Being both vertically and horizontally integrated means the record label can produce for cheaper as you own everything 

Piracy costs record labels millions per year

Controversial language in films cost thousands 

Being vertically integrated means you have more control over your artist 

Synergy means the record label owns a tv show and advertise their music through the show

Major labels are multinational, they are vertically and horizontally integrated and have the most power.

Independent labels are becoming more vertically and horizontally integrated due to the internet allowing them to promote their music globally meaning a wider audience. And artists prefer to sign up to these labels as they are allowed creative freedom.

Next lesson

Lesson 4.4.3 PDE and monopoly 

MP3 songs download x5 

Prosumer- made by general people

Independent and major record labels

Domino Recording Company is an independent record label based in London which was founded in 1993 by Laurence Bell and his partner Jacqui Rice.

They established American rock and unusual British music which marginalised during the Britpop era but the steady streaming of new signings gave the label increasing credibility. 

Simply Red made his own independent record label called simplyred.com as he was fed up with the way sony was taking all the money which revolutionised the way music was consumed by the demographic. 

SYCO is a major record label founded by Simon Cowell in 2002 in the UK. It is a subsidiary of SYCO entertainment. This company owns artists such as Little Mix, James Arthur and Susan Boyle and used to own artists such as Garith Gates and George Sampson. 

EMI was a major British multinational music recording and publishing company but was bought over by Sony. They owned artists such as The Beatles, Eliza Doolittle, Gorillaz and 30 seconds to Mars. 

Hotel Babylon Ethnicity Representation Essay

notes

When the man in the warehouse, the woman at the front desk, Ben- a black member of the hotel staff, the female manager and John Voyak (the head immigration officer) are introduced to the clip a medium long shot is used to establish and introduce the characters to the scene and then pan with the character as they walk or zoom into a close up which shows that each of these characters play a vital role in the clip.

The first impression that the audience is given of John Voyak is that he is confident, laid back and knows he has power over the Hotel, the ID card he shows to the blond woman shows that he is proving his job title so that he is not questioned. When the blond woman at the front desk asks Ben about the purple acquisition forms being taken down to housekeeping, the close up used on her face reveals the nod of her head and the look in her eyes to portray to the audience that it is code for the immigration officers searching the hotel premises and that the message needs to be sent down there. The way John Voyak is portrayed to look at Ben and then how he looks at the blond woman gives us an insight that he may be amused by the secret code being used as he knows what they are up to- as if he is one step ahead of all of them. 

This clip is shown to be set in a hotel that is furnished and presented to a high standard so most likely located in London due to the accents of both John Voyak and the blond woman having english accents.

The lighting is eerily bright in the foyer when the immigration officers enter which gives a sense of dismay to the scene however when Ben goes down into the office of female manager, the use of dim lighting is prominent to portray the atmosphere of the situation and continues down in the 'staff only' room. when the black immigrant worker hoovering in the hallway gets caught there is a use of harsh bright lighting which almost metaphorically portrays the harsh truth that they could not save everyone- even when the woman goes upstairs to negotiate his freedom the lighting foreshadows to the audience there is no hope in saving the man.

the immigration officers that enter the hotel foyer are dressed in suits however the man in the middle that leads is dressed in a suit but has a simple t-shirt on rather that a shirt and tie like the two men flanking on both sides of him; it gives him a laid- back appearance but tells the audience immediately that he is comfortable and used to the power that his job title entails him to possess- this in some way makes him presented more threatening than if he were in the full suit.

The woman at the front desk is dressed in complete white woman suit which could connote to the audience that she is put there to look innocent and unaware of the workings of the rest of the hotel and also there to distract the immigration officers for a bit longer whilst the desperate attempt at saving the workers happens below.

when the immigration officers enter into the hotel foyer they have prominence within the scene by the fact that the camera pans and follows them to the main desk. 

When the black hotel worker gets to the office of the woman every clip is quick and fast changing angles and zoom on the characters and action which helps with the audience understand how they are trapped within a time frame of two or three minutes to save everyone and cannot waste their time. 

the soundtrack is the same throughout but just either fades to more quiet or increases in volume to emphasise the drama and fast paced tension in the clip; it has a steady beat that would be said to 'keep the audience gripped and on the edge of their seats' but portrays the importance of the immigration agency team's power but also the urgency of the hotel staff to save anyone from being caught and the danger that one of the workers have been left in the hallway. There is an added sound effect that is added on top of the soundtrack to emphasise the power of the immigration officers but also the timid, helplessness of the workers. 

The soundtrack completely goes silent after the woman says 'abraham' when she opens the door to the man that tells her he has been caught. The only sound is the added pholi of the man struggling against the officers and the footsteps of the woman. 

When the female manager is emptying out the contents of abraham's locker there is a sad soundtrack that starts up; the two other workers that stand there watching were obviously close to his character and stand there watching- the soundtrack portraying their emotions but also look at her in a sorrowful way but also as if she were to blame but there is nothing they can do to change what happened.

The cantine tables are separated in to the different countries of which the workers were from; showing the segregation between the workers due to their home countries- the liveliness of all the tables other than the two black workers show that they are not fazed or affected by the day's events but the fact that the two black workers sit there praying before they eat show they are religious and a lot more civilised and grateful than the other workers but also that they might be praying for the well-being of abraham that was taken by the immigration officers.

Revision

Climbing Down the Mountain Essay

We are introduced to the clip by the normal average teenage boy watching his brother sleeping; a monologue is being told over the top of the clip and we can tell this is from the teenage boy's perspective due to the establishing shot at the beginning of the clip where it uses a close/ medium shot to focus on the boy sitting against the wall; his facial expression is giving nothing away but his eyes gleam with a secret within them which is revealed through the monologue which expresses his dislike at having a disabled brother- he explains how we are given a structure and if that is mucked up we are left with 'a potato with eye tentacles' when he repeats this by linking it to his brother the clip changes to a close up of his brother's face enforcing his opinion that his brother is stupid- due to the characteristic differences the audience is immediately told that the brother is down syndrome. This scene is set in a kitchen with the family going about their everyday morning routine; it is a small kitchen that is usually associated with council houses due to the design of the cupboards and shape of the windows which can be shown that the family is an average working class family- this lets the audience know it is a normal family that could easily be someone's actual reality therefore making this story already relatable and realistic- this is also made significant by the 'normal' clothes they are wearing- jeans and a t-shirt. When the close up shot of his down syndrome brother is used a 'happy-go-lucky' soundtrack begins which could mean that it is metaphorically symbolising the disabled boy's perspective on life, that everything is happy and simple and does not see the bad things in life; however when the teenage boy walks in that is in stark contrast to the music playing in the background. the subject of weetabix is extremely average and almost pathetic but it can easily be a relatable topic in a normal household- this reinforces the realistic storyline. Nevertheless, this also emphasises how exceptions are made for the disabled child due to his condition and the teenage child is scolded for making a big deal out of it; this could also be interpreted as the fact that the parents prefer the disabled child as they have complete control over his life and what he does where the teenage boy is a free mind that can rebel and choose what he does and the parents don't have control over him for much longer. when the teenage boy is told of the normal routine for being responsible for his brother and taking him to school it is as if the teenage boy is being told a job title and the dad makes an excuse that he was working all night and that he just wants to eat his breakfast in peace so he cannot do it- the teenage boy is taken granted for his help in the household and the responsibility of looking after his disabled brother. The next shot is a long shot of the two brothers sitting at the bus stop; the dreary drab weather and council flats behind them give the realistic setting of somewhere in London. The brothers sit at opposite ends of the benches which presents a contrast between the two brothers; the monologue begins again by explaining how having a down syndrome brother means his life is repetitive and the holiday destinations are chosen due to the disabled brother's interest in the ice cream truck and play activities; it uses shots of past experiences to reinforce this for example a high angle shot is used on the disabled brother eating ice cream- the high angle shows that the brother has no power and the teenage boy in the tree has power over his brother in both body and mind. When it alternates back to the clip of them at the bus stop it shows in time steps of the disabled boy having a slim attention span and doing random things to keep himself amused but also people turning up at the bus stop in groups and how the disabled boy retreats closer to his brother for comfortability but shows how the people keep distance between themselves and the disabled boy showing that even though society say that disabled people are equally accepted they still judge and have a withdrawn attitude towards them. This is then cut to the teenage boy sitting in lesson drawing on the desk; this is introduced using a close up to show what he is doing; then a long shot is used using a perspective shot from the teacher scolding him by asking him a question about what she has just been teaching- he proves to her that he has been listening all the time by saying all the facts about the great fire of london- she is left shocked and speechless until the boy sitting in front of the teenage boy makes a point of the teacher being proven wrong- by his body language and his speech the audience can tell he has some form of disability which is most likely why the teacher then decides to victimise him so to reinforce her authority over the class by downgrading him saying when he is older all he will be capable of is working in some branch in Asda; she knows the boy will stay silent which is probably the reason for her picking on him- he does stay silent in the clip, his whole posture slumping back in the chair- this is emphasised by using a close up so that the audience empathises with him, showing that he feels uncomfortable with being made an example of in front of the whole class- by using this camerawork it makes the teacher the villain and the class the villain as well as they react positively to her victimising the disabled child. The clips are cut to make a sharp effect between the shots and make a distinction between the disabled children and the able bodied children. there is a use of match on action in the kitchen scene most likely to make it softer to fit in with the happy-go-lucky music and fit in with the disabled boy's perspective.

Disability essay notes

Climbing down the mountain clip

Hero/ brave : boy - this is due to the fact the teacher most likely picked on him in class due to the fact he has a disabled brother and therefore downgraded by association (maybe) and the boy proves her wrong and that he is perfectly capable of listening to the teacher and learning the subject 

Victim : boy in class - he was picked on by teacher as a weaker victim and therefore put him down in front of the whole class to prove authority 

Ugly: brother - has an obvious disability due to characteristics

Down syndrome brother makes the boys life from his perspective the same thing over and over again, the same holidays, the same routine, him having to be a sort of young carer for his brother as his brother cannot be allowed to go anywhere by himself, his brother gets a lot of exceptions made for him due to his condition where the boy has to just accept it and move on even though it is annoying him hugely.

The disabled boy sitting in front of the boy in class makes a show that the boy proved to the teacher he was actually listening- from his speech and body language the audience can tell he has some sort of problem and the teacher scolds him on saying that he will work in a branch of Asda when he is older proving that he has some form of learning difficulty but by doing this the teacher retains her control over the class by picking on that kid. This emphasises how disabled children are not considered the same as 'normal' children are.

Camera

Close up on Down syndrome brother emphasising disability as it is characteristically obvious

Point of view shot looking at brother sleeping 

Medium long shot revealing kitchen scene and all family members eating breakfast- going about their morning routine

Lots of medium long shots to show scene before using close ups to make it more personal and empathetical 

Close up on boy and brother when boy is telling stupid story on how people kill pigs - shows how he thinks him stupid and gullible and takes fun out of him

Edit

Cut editing which is sharp between scenes but uses match on action on things like boy getting weetabix packet out of the cupboard but also mainly in that kitchen scene

Mise en scene

Clothes are jeans and tshirts- reflection of reality - normality

House is normal average working class size

Red bus shows it is set in the London district- relatable setting

Sound

Monologue at intervals of his thoughts on having a disabled brother, how exceptions are made and how he is let off of a lot of things due to condition

Happy go lucky music which is a contrast to the boys attitude which is fed up and annoyed - could represent his brother- sees everything in a happy way and doesn't see the bad things

Monarch of the Glen - Age Identity mock exam

age stereotypes

beautiful/ alive

control/ authority

experienced/ traditional/ wise

impetuous/ reckless/ irresponsible/ spontaneous

rebellious

lonely

the clip is introduced with the male workers going about their everyday jobs in the fields dressed in jeans, jackets and caps which is a stereotypical dress of people working in the countryside- the pholi sounds of the clutter of the equipment, footsteps, the sheep and birds in the background and the hushed chatter give a realistic feel to the scene; there is a man in the centre of the shot, he is dressed in the same way as the workers but appears neater and is presented in a way that makes the audience pay attention to what his character is doing. the lighting is slightly dim, giving the realistic impression of the english countryside. his character is portrayed to have the control on the farm and the authority over everyone including family. the woman is introduced when she walks out of the house, dressed in jeans and a t-shirt with minimal makeup shows that she is not a 'beautiful' stereotype but more of an average woman- her accent is from up north and much different from the others on the farm which shows she does not belong there and is most likely new to the job. when the man passes the keys to the woman she looks almost shocked- when she is in the truck it is obvious she has not done this before and therefore does not know what she is doing, the sounds of the others working outside the truck makes the audience realise she might get caught which gives an edge to the scene, she talks under her breath wondering how to turn the engine on- when it eventually roars to life there is a visible relaxation which we unconsciously follow as the young man approaches the vehicle she is in suspiciously but then backs off when they hear the engine start up. Her character is beautiful and must be irresponsible as she is hiding behind a facade of someone she has obviously convinced them is much older and much more experienced than she actually is. the shot flips back to the people in the drive including the man that holds the authority and it is quiet other than the clatter of their shovels etc but when there is a loud audible crash in the distance it gives the obvious indication it is the woman that just left and they all react immediately running towards the sound. the man that gets out of the car the woman has crashed into is well dressed in a suit and has a beard which is a traditional stereotype of a 'real' man- the way he stands and the deep masculinity of his voice gives us the indication he has authority of his own which the camera portrays by the equal level shot between the middle aged man and the man on the farm. the medium shot shows that the young man and elder woman are checking over the woman like she is a small child which emphasises that she is vulnerable. the middle aged man introduces himself as the headmaster of the woman and that she is in fact 16 which reinforces all the indications of this earlier on. however the man from the farm looks outraged and the man is framed considerably larger than the woman in the shot. the office is first presented as a long shot revealing all the solid oak type features which is usually associated with farmhouse type buildings in the countryside but also that of a traditional man; the whiskey that the man pours from the crystal decanter reinforces the old english presentation of the man. the camera keeps them at the same level within the frame and eye level which shows they have equal power within their own rights. when the man storms out of the office a low angle shot is used on his to show that he has the power/ control within the scene, the camera pans with the man as he pulls the woman along with him- the shot is framed so that it fits to his height but then shows her as half his size presenting her vulnerability and irresponsible character. the shot reverse shot used shows there are two viewpoints to the same story; when it is showed from her perspective only the top of her head is framed within the shot and mainly frames the man but when form his perspective the shot frames her and only up to her shoulders- this presents how he is much older than her and therefore more experienced and wise within the situation and shows that she is reckless and spontaneous and therefore has made a stupid example of herself. their voices are the only sound within this scene connoting that this is an important discussion and is heated because of this. the man is the first to walk away which provides us with the fact that he is in charge of the conversation- when it ends -the close up on the woman throwing a strop and shouting at his turned back "i hate you" are two identifiers that are immediately associated with teenagers that are reckless and irresponsible - it is a trait that all adults associate with every single teenager and as TV dramas are made by adults this is bias representation but a representation all the same. the sad soundtrack that begins when the shot reveals the woman's bedroom gives the impression that she is about to do something that will upset someone; the point of view shot used when the woman looks in the mirror is a way of showing the audience her feelings- the shot zooms into the photographs on the mirror which could present how her family is the most important thing to her but as she turns her back on them it might show how she does not feel like she belongs- it could be a metaphor of her family the closest thing to her heart. when the elder woman enters the room, the medium/ long shot used shows how she is alone- the woman has left- she looks almost helpless- vulnerable as she does not know what to do- the damage is already done. when it goes back to the man in the fields with the male workers the quiet of the background but the clatter of their equipment and birds in the background give a realistic reflection of normal life- there is always something happening that we do not know about- when the elder woman runs/ staggers up to the man from behind she looks at a loss and looks to him for guidance, reinforcing his authority. the man with the authority on the farm has more prominence than the other characters but the young woman who is 16 also has prominence within the clip which shows they are the opposites within the episode- he is the authoritative traditional figure where she is a spontaneous and reckless teenager. 

notes

further age clip notes (farm)

mise en scene
whiskey >> traditional english 'man' drink >> in crystal pourer type bottle >> wealth
solid oak office shows the traditional countryside farmhouse building
four by four land rover car is associated with being on the dirt track which fits in with the countryside storyline
headmaster has full long moustache/ beard >> masculine stereotype
wooden furniture shows their tastes are quite old fashioned

camera
close up on woman in car  >> inquisitive >> doesn't know what she is doing but is pretending she does >> facade - who is she really?
medium shot on headmaster - positioned to the side of the shot
medium shot on people by car >> close knit family >> caring and look out for one another
slight low angle on man >> powerful >> manager of farm??? >> has power over the woman
pan shot follows man's movement of dragging the woman away >> when still the man is tall and the frame fits to his height where woman only takes up half the height almost >> man definitely has power
medium shot showing elder woman alone >> helpless >> cannot help the woman
low angle over the shoulder shot >> emphasises the man as menacing and powerful >> she is trying to explain to him/ get him to understand
man is first to walk away >> has power within the discussion
she strops and runs into the other room >> stereotypical assumption of the youth
man watches her and then walks in other direction >> doesn't have patience to be dealing with her
medium/ long shot shows lots of people working together >> all work in harmony to get the job done >> only men doing the lifting and fixing >> stereotypical masculinity working >> woman make tea type touch
point of view shot >> looks into mirror at herself >> looks at the photos and turns away >> significant >> leaving everything behind

zooms into photos showing that her family are close to her heart >> mirror >> reflection of soul

long shot on elder woman in bedroom >> presents the significance that the woman has left

edit
shot reverse shot shows it is a heated discussion and has two viewpoints to the story >> reasonable
match on action is used quite a bit >> walking >> getting in the truck >> woman running into the other room
the clips cut together which gives a realistic feel to the episode
the woman has prominence in her shots which shows that she is the main character

sound
the soundtrack stops when the crash sounds which gives the impression something important/ bad is about to happen, after the conflict between the man and woman the music starts up again showing the men working oblivious to the drama going on behind the scenes
when it goes back to the woman a sad soundtrack starts up showing that she is about to do something that will upset someone >> her leaving upsets the elder woman
the pholi of the men working, the sheep and birds in the background, the digging gives a realistic feel to the clip and a down to earth appearance also showing that just like in real life we do not know everything going on like the man does not yet know the woman has run away.

notes

underclass NOT middleclass

promiscuous - slut/ manly
costume (woman) : tight fitting dress, red/ white heels, dresses/ skirts, cleavage, hair updo revealing neck, posh/ lacy/ sheer, makeup (red lipstick, eye makeup), jewellery

stereotypes are the key to the exam

analyse

how the technical ares construct the stereotype

lebian- victim >> sad soundtrack

sexuality stereotypes
victim
gender as camp
sexualised
promiscuous

unfit, lazy, gullible >> age stereotypes????

adult >> most power >> prominence >> low angle shot >> suits >> children >> police >> uniform >> driving >> teachers >> lawyers

youth >> misbehaving >> drunk >> smoking >> parties >> rebellious

elderly >> in a home >> yellow and grey/ dull colours >> long shots >> alone >> suits >> old fashion traditional values >> army >> discipline

men dont live as long as women >> die first >> unusual if male widow >> more sympathy

challenging or reinforcing stereotypes

WHY???

to apply stereotypes to characters
to analyse technical areas for 'aged' meaning
to justify challenging or reinforcing stereotypes/ opposites and power (conflict)
to develop note taking screening technique

reinforces stereotype >> no power

camera
long shot
medium shot
close up
high angle
low angle

mise en scene
location
lighting
costume
props

edit
cut
prominence >> screen time
match on action
pace- length of shot

sound
dialogue
soundtrack
pholi

age clip notes (old man)

camera
medium shot >> alone
no wife >> widow
long shot >> alone
composition >> always to side of shot
extreme long shot >> alone
in the corner >> vulnerable
window

mise en scene
pictures >> family once
clothes are old fashioned >> traditional >> disciplined >> smartly dressed
low key lighting >> dull >> sad
no electricity used >> natural >> comfortable
neat/ tidy/ respectable
lighting >> brought up that alarm clock >> time >> old >> up early >> cannot sleep
controlled
pills >> ill >> feeble
organised

edit
slow pace >> emphasises age as slow
continuity editing is a series of rules >> non existent because shows age
no shot reverse shot to emphasise absence of company

sound
radio >> breaks silence - eery turning over / rustling of bed
no dialogue >> no one to talk to
hear everything he is doing because of the quiet
music under bridge >> youth >> far away >> distance between youth and the elderly
youth- underworld >> tunnel >> satan

age stereotypes
beautiful/ alive
control/ authority
experienced/ traditional/ wise
impetuous/ reckless/ irresponsible/ spontaneous
rebellious

lonely

age clip notes (farm)

camera
close up on woman >> beautiful >> irrational
medium shot >> men are alike >> important discussion
mirror >> family
photo >> young/ reckless >> run away
close up on old woman >> alone >> she has left

mise en scene
farm/ small village
old truck >> out of the way of cities
well dressed suit- disciplined
masculine >> beard >> tan >> jeans and tshirt
dull colours >> greens and browns >> countryside

edit
smooth editing
slow pace on work

sound
western/ country soundtrack
dialogue is western
crash sound- rest is quiet >> emphasises importance of sound >> everyone reacts >> woman is vulnerable

well spoken headmaster >> rich private school???
woman has newcastle accent >> common woman
deep voice >> masculinity
panicked voice >> old woman >> scared

age clip (youth) >> dangerous >> rebellious >> reckless >> irresponsible

camera
youth >> lively
jumpy - shows recklessness
close ups >> busy frame - not alone >> young / alive
continuity is jumpy but match on action shows that they are young and fast >> gang >> medium/ long shots >> underground >> hell
point of view >> self obsessed
framed >> busy
over the shoulder >> leader
high angle >> no power >> dynamic >> intense
woman is alone >> youth is threatening

mise en scene
hoodies and tracksuits >> usually associated
props >> gun >> aggressive
lighter >> smoking >> aggressive
motorbike >> irresponsible/ reckless
low key lighting

edit
quick pace >> youth >> fast
hand held > drugs >> no discipline
jump cut >> recklessness >> emphasises drug use >> initiated
prominence >> reckless
cuts

sound
dialogue >> youth >> common/ slang >> never alone
lighter >> smoking >> traditional stereotype >> rebellious
common diction >> stereotype >> no discipline
bustle of noise and voices
motorbike sound >> reckless >> irrational
gun shot >> effective >. emphasises irrationality

Notes

Ethnicity stereotypes:

Exotic

Dangerous

Pitied

Humorous

Sexualised

Unified or in;

Conflict

Ethnicity groups:

Asian (Indian)

Asian ( South east -Thai etc)

Middle Eastern

White

Black (African, Caribbean) 

Gypsy/ travellers 

Eastern European 

Example construction of 'exotic' & ' humorous' 

Location and set design 

Costume and appearance

Lighting and colours

Props

'Ethnic' musical instruments/ genre

Accept (dialogue) & language

Contrapunctal sound 

-class

-sexuality

-disability

-regional identity

-age

-ethnicity

-gender

Composition

Sound

Mise en scene

Editing

Look for significance of gender

Use of terminology 

Shows the weakness of the woman- stereotypical female assumption that women need help for any problems

Represents husbands strength and masculinity at a hand on job- his strength and capability